qasim‘ali qayinis manaz?ir wa maraya, that has written in 11th century a.h./18th a.d., is one of the last works in muslim’s tradition of optical writings. in this work, qayini? has defined the scope of ‘ilm-i- manaz?ir and has referred some predecessor like euclid and kindi. moreover he proceeds popular topics in optical works like reflection and refraction of light, burning tools, rainbow, the...

the appliance of international instruments in the field of literally and artistic property rights has cause a well-established and stable international aspect in comparison with its domestic aspect. this discipline has been founded on the basis of the berne convention, 1886, the universal copyright convention, 1952, and the rome convention, 1961, which their translations have all been published...

In recent development discourse, much has been debated and written about evidence-based actions, defined as: ‘the application of the best available systematically assembled evidence in setting policy and practice’. Nutrition is clearly not exempt from justifying itself, and it is important that Public Health Nutrition has addressed this in recent issues. Much of our knowledge of ‘what works’ de...

Reading comprehension is a challenging task, especially when executed across longer or across multiple evidence documents, where the answer is likely to reoccur. Existing neural architectures typically do not scale to the entire evidence, and hence, resort to selecting a single passage in the document (either via truncation or other means), and carefully searching for the answer within that pas...