The "law and finance theory" predicts that the common law system provides the best basis for financial development and economic growth, followed by Scandinavian and German origin civil law and finally French origin civil law. This paper summarises the key points of the theory as well as a number of sceptical views. Moreover, it argues that the theory faces an identification problem, since the m...

legal fiction as a legal mechanism in various legal systems especially in formalist and inflexible legal systems is original subject of this article. in this article be analysed the nature and elements of legal fiction and its historical role in ancient roman law system and common law with comparative study in iran legal system. legal fiction as a legal mechanism in various legal systems especi...

In all relevant patent systems an adversely affected party has the possibility to appeal the patent office’s decision in front of a patent court or Board of Appeal (BoA). Within a European context, the EPO is, in a way, even engaging in de facto competition with national patent offices. As an example, the German Patent and Trademark Office (DPMA) provides quasi identical patent products and off...

BACKGROUND State-certified occupational physicians who work as civil servants in the Federal Republic of Germany are key players in the German Public Health system. They control i.e. the legal compliance in occupational health and participate in the occupational disease procedures. Despite the role model function of the German Public health system for many developing countries, this area of Pub...

fundamentals of legal rule is one of the major discourses of the philosophy of law, which has led to the formation of numerous intellectual schools in this field. the main query of the present research is that whether the two schools of “natural law” and “legal positivism” can interact with each other. is the combination of “value” and “reality” possible in a legal system? what is the status of...

Using a database of more than 8,000 companies from 35 countries, we find that the value of corporate diversification is negatively related to the level of capital market development. Among high-income countries, where capital markets are well developed, we find a significant diversification discount. By contrast, for the lower income countries, we find that there is either no diversification di...

An overview of a software system under development for “assembling” legal documents is presented. The system applies Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods and is founded on a theory construction or abduction view of legal reasoning. The AI methods employed include an Assumption-based Truth Maintenance System (ATMS), a Natural Deduction theorem prover, and an implementation of Poole's approach to...