The factors governing the rate of change in the amount of atmospheric water vapor are analyzed in simulations of climate change. The global-mean amount of water vapor is estimated to increase at a differential rate of 7.3% K with respect to global-mean surface air temperature in the multi-model mean. Larger rates of change result if the fractional change is evaluated over a finite change in tem...

Let G = (V (G), E(G)) be a graph, and let k ≥ 1 be an integer. A set S ⊆ V (G) is called a global offensive k-alliance if |N(v) ∩ S| ≥ |N(v)−S|+k for every v ∈ V (G)−S, where N(v) is the neighborhood of v. The global offensive k-alliance number γ o (G) is the minimum cardinality of a global offensive k-alliance in G. We present different bounds on γ o (G) in terms of order, maximum degree, inde...

Among abiotic stresses, salinity has been increasing over the time for many reasons like using chemical fertilizers, global warming and rising sea levels. Under salinity stress, the loss of water availability, toxicity of Na+ and ion imbalance directly reduces carbon fixation and biomass production in plants. K+ is a major agent that can counteract Na+ stresses, thus the potential of plants to ...

The classical k nearest neighbor (k-nn) classification assumes that a fixed global metric is defined and searching for nearest neighbors is always based on this global metric. In the paper we present a model with local induction of a metric. Any test object induces a local metric from the neighborhood of this object and selects k nearest neighbors according to this locally induced metric. To in...