the relationship between economic growth and developments in the ‎financial sector has been one of the most discussed areas in economics ‎for a long time; and the direction of causality – whether financial ‎development causes economic growth or vice versa – is by no means a ‎settled issue.‎this paper investigates the short- run and long-run granger causality ‎between financial development and e...

in order to study of nitrogen application time and seed inoculation with plant growth promotingrhizobacteria on yield, fertilizer use efficiency and grain filling rate of sunflower, a factorial experimentwas conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research farm ofislamic azad university, ardabil branch in 2011. the first factor was time of nitrogen applica...

A model illustrates the intergenerational transmission of poverty through the effects of shocks to family income on children’s general education and health and subsequently on their capacity to work and earn as adults. Evidence for 19th-century Britain shows that being fatherless, and so likely poor, had an adverse effect on children’s human capital acquisition. However, policy intervention in ...

manner of growth stimulation of lavanducyanin was related to the early stage of the cell cycle. The results so far obtained suggest that lavanducyanin stimulates the cell proliferation in a similar manner as do growth factors. In this paper, we report the unique activity of lavanducyanin in human and murine cells expressed at low concentrations. The cell growth stimulating activity of lavanducy...

background: although borage ( borago officinalis l.) is a valuable medicinal plant, no information is available on the responses of this plant to salinity. for this reason, it is necessary to determine responses of this plant to salinity .  objective: since germination and early growth stage is one of the most critical phases of plant life under salinity condition this experiment was conducted ...