The present article shows that all scientific texts included in journals, magazines, and newspapers are vulnerable to the penetration of hedges and boosters.  However, it was found that scientific texts in the three corpora tended to open up the possibilities of alternative voices rather than narrowing them down. The relatively higher frequency of occurrence of hedges in comparison with booster...

the language used by women and men differ in all speech communities. in order to examine some of these variations, the present study aimed to investigate the differences in an informal written discourse. for this purpose, a comparison between men’s and women’s informal language was made regarding length of utterances, questions, intensifiers, and hedges. results revealed that men employed highe...

one tactful strategy in political rhetoric is hedging which is associated with vagueness and innuendos. despite the studies that address hedging in academic discourse and conversation analysis, studies that investigate hedges in relation to political power, face, and politeness are tremendously few. to this aim, four political interviews were selected from cnn and bbc websites on the basis of t...

A hedge is a linguistic device used to avoid using a categorical sentence. Hedges can be used to determine whether a sentence is factual by merely regarding a sentence containing hedges as non-factual. In this paper, we perform a comparative experiment of various classification methods for hedge detection. Among four different classification methods, we observe that SVM shows the best performan...

We explore hedging in web forum conversations, which is interestingly different to hedging in academic articles, the main focus of recent automatic approaches to hedge detection. One of our main results is that forum posts using hedges are more likely to get high ratings of their usefulness. We also make a case for focusing annotation efforts on hedges that take the form of first-person epistem...

We study anti-unification for unranked terms and hedges that may contain term and hedge variables. The anti-unification problem of two hedges s̃1 and s̃2 is concerned with finding their generalization, a hedge q̃ such that both s̃1 and s̃2 are instances of q̃ under some substitutions. Hedge variables help to fill in gaps in generalizations, while term variables abstract single (sub)terms with differe...

Risk aversion is a key element of utility maximizing hedge strategies; however, it has typically been assigned an arbitrary value in the literature. This paper instead applies a GARCH-in-Mean (GARCH-M) model to estimate a time-varying measure of risk aversion that is based on the observed risk preferences of energy hedging market participants. The resulting estimates are applied to derive expli...

Long-term health insurance provides consumers with protection against persistent, negative health shocks. While the stochastic rise in medical spending growth may make some health risks harder to insure, financial assets could act as a hedge for medical spending growth risk. The purpose of this research was to determine whether such hedges exist. The results of this study were two-fold. First, ...

We investigate calibrating financial models using a rigorous Bayesian framework. Non-parametric approaches in particular are studied and the local volatility model is used throughout as an example. By incorporating potential calibration error into our method we design optimal hedges that minimise expected loss statistics based on different Bayesian loss functions decided by an investor’s prefer...