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baha’ al-dawlah razi was one of the most important physicians in safafid dynasty in iran. he wrote his large medical book, kholasat al-tajarob at 1501 ad. he worked as physician in the courts of two dynasties, teimurid and safavid. he had interesting innovations and findings in surgery, immunology and also in treatment. as examples, we can note to his description of pertussis and also his oral ...

medical books written in islamic societies have devoted special chapters to preventive medicine named hefzossehha’. nowadays, ferdous alhekmah is considered as the first medical text authored by muslim scientists in islamic countries. but in this review study we offer a more ancient text that belongs to ali ibn musa (imam reza pbuh), the 8th imam of shi’ites. this text was written about 815-818...

bahrain territory is the cradle of one of the oldest civilizations in the middle east where dilmun civilization (bc 5000) once was located; it was the cultural center which granted knowledge to humanity in many subjects, especially famous for literature and religion. still, there is lack of research on the efforts of scientists in this territory regarding practical sciences such as medicine, ph...

History of medicine is an extensive and very complex science. In a simple and classical understanding, it has an informative and associative role. Although it is not easy for students to understand the multiple implications of the history of medicine, its importance becomes more evident during their academic formation. The students must be persuaded particularly about the ethical and cultural v...

History of science is a vast and complex domain, comprising many sub-domains, such as: the history of medicine, history of chemistry, history of physics etc. Different specialists in these sub-domains, trying to reach the general and integrative understanding of the history of science, succeeded only after they acquired a rich scientific experience in their fields of activity. One of the scient...