purpose: the sport anxiety scale-2 (sas-2) is a tool by which we can measure the level of trait competitive anxiety. the original form included 15 questions and three subscales included: somatic, worry, and concentration distraction. the aim of this study was to examine of validity and reliability of persian version of sport anxiety scale-2 in children and teenager athletes. methodology: 358 qu...

BACKGROUND Since knee complaints are common among athletes and are frequently presented in general practice, it is of interest to investigate the type of knee complaints represented in general practice of athletes in comparison with those of non-athletes. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the differences in type of knee complaints between sport participants, in this study defin...

Little is known about the prevalence and motives of supplement use among elite young athletes who compete on national and international levels. Therefore, the current survey was performed to assess information regarding the past and present use of dietary supplements among 164 elite young athletes (16.6 +/- 3.0 years of age). A 5-page questionnaire was designed to assess their past and present ...

BACKGROUND Over the past 30 years, there has been a dramatic increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity and hypertension in the United States. The prevalence of these diagnoses among individuals participating in school-sanctioned sports has not been clearly defined. PURPOSE To identify the prevalence of obesity and elevated blood pressure (BP) among student athletes and investigate assoc...

Background: The objective of this study was to assess bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and the proximal femur in male and female athletes performing different high level sports, in unspecifically trained sport students and in untrained subjects. Methods: BMD of lumbar spine and proximal femur were measured by dual-energy-x-ray-absorptiometry in 209 female and 173 male subjects age...

Serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and procollagen type III peptide (P-III-P) have been proposed as indirect biomarkers of rhGH misuse in sports. The purpose of the present study was to investigate concentrations of these biomarkers in athletes at different levels of physical fitness and endurance exercise. Serum total IGF-I and P-III-P were measured in 96 elite athletes of various spor...

the aim of this research was to survey effective factors influencing students' orientation to different sport events in iran. after the related literature had been reviewed and past researches on these factors had been studied, the initial list of effective factors was prepared. then, these initial factors were comprehensively reviewed by marketing and sport managers and a questionnaire wa...

OBJECTIVES To assess the results of inferior capsular shift for multidirectional instability of the shoulder in athletes. METHODS Multidirectional instability was surgically corrected in 53 shoulders in 47 athletes who engaged in contact sports. A history of major trauma was found in eight patients, the others having had minor episodes. Before surgery, all patients had complex combinations of...