Interlibrary loan has traditionally been the main access to information beyond the individual library collection. The increase in access to document delivery services and full-text databases, however, has created the need to evaluate interlibrary loan services within the overall access environment. One of the most important factors in this evaluation concerns thc cost to provide interlibrary lo...

This paper examines the impact of government guaranteed small business loans on economic growth, and whether government guaranteed loans crowd out new businesses financed through the market. OLS estimates indicate a significant and positive relation between the Small Business Administration’s (SBA) guaranteed loans and metropolitan growth between 1993 and 2002. However, endogeneity hinders caus...

in the history of islam, until the last century, shiah and sunni scholars haven’t distinguished between consumption and production loans and riba in islam absolutely has been forbidden. with the development of capitalism and its influence in muslim countries, many businessmen, industrialists and bankers were faced with the problem of usury . to solve this problem, a group of theologists proposa...

In the second half, econometric analysis (regression testing) is used to isolate the key factors affecting HAMP modification performance and to compare the performance of loans modified through HAMP with other similarly delinquent loans. The innovation in this study comes from the merging of HAMP program data with a commercial loan performance database, which allows HAMP-modified loans to be co...

*the views expressed here are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the Federal reserve bank of Philadelphia or the Federal reserve system. you’ve probably heard of reverse mortgage loans. but even though these loans have been getting more attention in the media and in academia, it’s possible that you’re still not sure about what reverse mortgages really are.1 ost pe...

I compare welfare generated by a credit contract with individual liability and a contract with joint liability. The problem is credit rationing caused by limited liability and unobservable investment decisions. Joint liability induces borrowers to monitor each other, however the lender can also monitor. I show that wealthier borrowers may prefer riskier investments when liability is joint, whic...

This paper examines the political influence on government bank lending decisions using the prefecture level panel data on Japan’s government loans from 1975 to 1992. I find that prefectures that were represented by more influential members of the ruling party, the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), tended to receive more government loans. I also find that the amount of government loans tended to i...