As an extension of on-line learning, life-long learning challenges a system which is exposed to patterns from a changing environment during its entire lifespan. An autonomous system should not only integrate new knowledge on-line into its memory, but also preserve the knowledge learned by previous interactions. Thus, life-long learning implies the fundamental Stability±Plasticity Dilemma, which...

This study aims at empirically measuring a universal criterion for materials evaluation, i.e., learning opportunities, in a locally- and a globally-designed materials. Adopting the conceptual framework of sociocultural theory and its conceptualization of learning as participation (Donato, 2000), the researchers utilized the methodological power of conversation analysis to examine how opportunit...

This manuscript proposes an extension to the water flow algorithm for text line segmentation. Basic algorithm assumes hypothetical water flows under few specified angles of the document image frame from left to right and vice versa. As a result, unwetted image regions that incorporate text are extracted. These regions are of the major importance for text line segmentation. The extension of the ...

— In a previous paper, we have defined arithmetic extension groups in the context of Arakelov geometry. In the present one, we introduce an arithmetic analogue of the Atiyah extension that defines an element — the arithmetic Atiyah class — in a suitable arithmetic extension group. Namely, if E is a hermitian vector bundle on an arithmetic scheme X, its arithmetic Atiyah class b atX/Z(E) lies in...