In September 2017, the Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraq held a referendum for independence despite high likelihood heavy retaliation. contrast to narrative that presents decision as result gross miscalculation, this article offers an alternative explanation highlighting role played by Kurdish nationalism in upholding structures power region. The current class structure, institutional frame...

This research is intended to shed light on the problems of Kurdish language in Kurdistan Region, especially field education and higher education. because we assume that modern life, there a great risk which threatens our cultural identity globalization tries weaken natural impose unipolar dominance English language. If past responsibility lies with enemies people crackling down kurdish stages o...

abstract governments in regional and national level try to improve economic and productivity growth by different polices. the being aware of effective factors in national and regional economic and productivity growth is essential for government success. in this paper, to being of aware determinant factors in productivity inequality, we use decomposition approach and econometric estimation for 2...

Today, new trends are emerging in the world political arena, which will open up means of influencing regions. Iraqi Kurdistan, especially Middle East, is attracting attention domestic and foreign forces with its surface underground resources. Kurdish control region's most oil-rich regions helping to shape regional tensions as a tool for policy forces. This requires countries region pursue deep ...

The paper focuses on the consideration of prospects for a direct military invasion by Turkey and Iran against national movement Kurds Syria represented Syrian Democratic Forces (Syria), Komala, Kurdistan Free Life Party Iranian (Iran). position role Russia in resolving conflict between without use armed force is also considered. It concluded that striving to maintain balance relations, one hand...

The present study was performed to assess the infection of rodent reservoirs and their fleas to plaque agent (Yersinia pestis) in Kurdistan and North Khorasan respectively as active endemic and inactive nonendemic foci in the country. Live traps were used to collect rodents in spring and summer 2015. Totally, 109 rodents were trapped. Rodents of genus Apodemus witherbyi (40.5%) were the most ab...

OBJECTIVE The surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) is a key strategy for monitoring the progress of poliomyelitis eradication and is a sensitive measure for detecting potential cases of poliomyelitis and poliovirus infection. This study was conducted to describe the characteristics of patients reported with AFP, and to evaluate the performance of the surveillance system in Kurdistan pr...