The article evaluates the relationship between tax burden on labor and magic quadrangle indicators in Czech Republic years 1993 through 2020. examines whether such as effective rate or affect macro-economic of quadrangle. originality this study lies fact that it deals with influence political factors. analysis shows strongest correlation growth gross domestic product implicit labor. Moreover, f...

Governments often make public deals with interest groups, yet the conditions under which these bargains emerge are not well understood. This paper explores these policy contracts in the context of “social pacts”, where governments sign explicit policy agreements with peak level union federations for electoral gain. I develop a theory of pacts and then apply it to an empirical puzzle emerging fr...

Abstract The Australian House of Representatives contains far fewer women than men. But is this because parties left and right discriminate against or voters do? Using a new dataset comprising 7271 candidates from 2001 to 2019, firstly, we find that the percentage increasing, but consistently higher for right. Secondly, tend be selected more by both in unsafe seats. Thirdly, all else being equa...

Background: ART contracts involving third parties have been created while clinical reproductive treatments are globally widespread. Iran is pioneer in applying these treatments in middle-east due to shii’at jurisprudence prescribing them. This key role in region, has raised Iranian jurists’ responsibility in developing a legal system regarding administration of ART. The most significant part of...

A central claim of democratic theory is that democracy induces governments to be responsive to the preferences of the people. Political parties organize politics in every modern democracy, and some observers claim that parties are what induce democracies to be responsive. Yet, according to others, parties give voice to extremists and reduce the responsiveness of governments to the citizenry. Th...