Carrier phase ambiguity resolution is the key to fast and high precision GPS positioning. Critical in the application of ambiguity resolution is the quality of the computed integer ambiguities. Unsuccessful ambiguity resolution, when passed unnoticed, will too often lead to unacceptable errors in the positioning results. The success or failure of carrier phase ambiguity resolution can be predic...

A major challenge in statistical machine translation is mitigating the word order differences between source and target strings. While reordering and lexical translation choices are often conducted in tandem, source string permutation prior to translation is attractive for studying reordering using hierarchical and syntactic structure. This work contributes an approach for learning source strin...

Using the random coding argument, we derive in this paper the effective cutoff rate, E R , of multiple-input-multipleoutput (MIMO) space-time (ST) codes in Rayleigh fast fading channels with imperfect channel state information at the receiver (CSIR). In contrast to conventional cutoff rate analysis where the codeword length N is infinity and the frame error probability f P implicitly zero, we l...

We obtain the following new simultaneous time-space upper bounds for the directed reachability problem. (1) A polynomial-time, Õ(ng)-space algorithm for directed graphs embedded on orientable surfaces of genus g. (2) A polynomial-time, Õ(n)-space algorithm for all H-minor-free graphs given the tree decomposition, and (3) for K3,3-free and K5-free graphs, a polynomial-time, O(n )-space algorithm...

background and aims. impacted lower third molar is found in 90% of the general population. impacted lower third molar surgery may result in periodontal complications on the distal surface of the adjacent second molar. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of flap design on the periodontal status of the second molar after lower third molar surgery. materials and methods. twenty patien...

‎in this paper‎, ‎we introduce $alpha$-$psi$-contractive mapping in partially ordered sets and construct fixed point theorems to solve a first-order ordinary differential equation by existence of its lower solution.