Discretionary Measures of Active Labor Market Policy: The German Employment Promotion Reform in Perspective This paper provides a preliminary assessment of recent reforms of German employment promotion policy. While several recent studies analyze the impact of measures of employment promotion for the case of Germany, no comparable study exists on the aggregate level, thus precluding any assessm...

The marketing mix refers to variables that a marketing manager can control to influence a brand’s sales or market share. Traditionally, these variables are summarized as the four Ps of marketing: product, price, promotion, and place (i.e., distribution; McCarthy, 1996). Product refers to aspects such as the firm’s portfolio of products, the newness of those products, their differentiation from ...

In their editorial, Tangcharoensathien et al1 describe the challenges of industry market promotion and policy interference from Big Tobacco, Alcohol, and Food in addressing non-communicable diseases (NCDs). They provide an overview of the increasing influence of corporate interest in emerging eco...

During recent years the trend to tighten competitiveness has been increasing globally almost in all industries, although before then it was absent many countries and economic sectors. This article touches upon main issues regarding of enriched curd products with prebiotic substances. On basis a consumer survey, calculation advantageous indicators performed. According results ranking quality ind...

The aim of this paper is to empirically analyse the responses by general practitioners to promotional activities for ethical drugs by pharmaceutical companies. Promotion can be beneficial as a means of providing information, but it can also be harmful in the sense that it lowers price sensitivity of doctors and it merely is a means of maintaining market share, even when cheaper, therapeutically...

In the empirical literature on capital market efficiency, the hypothesis that futures price is an unbiased predictor of the future spot price has been one of the most controversial topics among the researchers, analysts and academicians. The study of the efficiency of the futures market is significant in an emerging market like India as futures market serves the most important functions of comp...

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) provides a barrier to market entry and use of unproven and unsafe products. For prescription drugs, the FDA approval process requires substantial evidence of efficacy and safety for specific clinical situations. Although approval is indication-specific, the FDA has a limited role once a drug is on the market. Recent draft guidelines covering manufacturers'...