in the present study, an investigation was carried out on parvadeh coal mine in tabas, iran, to survey the effect of fractures on unusual methane gas emission in coal mines. this coal mine was chosen for investigating because of its high methane gas content in the coal body and available data from sensors in desired locations. gas concentration monitoring programs were carried out at the mine s...

the present study represents a first insight into the draa lasfar min (marrakech - morocco) to assess the degree of polymetallic pollution caused by anthropogenic activities (like mine extraction) and consequently the possible diffusion of heavy metals and to predict the risk of their mobility in the surroundings of the mine area. the edaphologic parameters ph and electrical conductivity (ec) w...

The empirical “gravity” equation is extremely successful in explaining bilateral trade. This paper shows how a multi-country model of specialization and costly trade (i.e. a microfounded gravity model) can be applied to explain empirical exchange rate puzzles. One such puzzle is the fact that nominal exchange rates are enormously volatile, but that this volatility does not appear to affect infl...

Background: Smoking is the largest preventable cause of death in the world, killing nearly 6 million people annually. This article is an investigation of measures implemented laws in the Iran to study the proposed strategy of control and reduce tobacco use based on the monitor, protect, offer, warn, enforce and raise (MPOWER) policy.Methods: All laws approved by the Parliament along with the in...

We model alternatives for moving bulk energy, including both private costs and accounting for environmental externalities by requiring the transport system to satisfy environment health, and safety standards. In particular, we focus on the cost and environmental trade-offs between "coal by wire," mine-mouth generation with electricity transmission, and transporting the primary energy resources ...

Among non-oil exports and in trade arena, drug has always been strategic importance and most government especially industrialized countries pay special attention to its production and trade issues. Thus, having a comprehensive view from economic perspective to this section is essential for suggesting intervention. This was a descriptive-analytical and panel study. In this study, gravity model i...

Bitcoin, a decentralized cryptocurrency, has attracted a lot of attention from academia, financial service industry and enthusiasts. The trade-off between transaction confirmation throughput and centralization of hash power do not allow Bitcoin to perform at the same level as modern payment systems. Block Advertisement Protocol is proposed as a step to resolve this issue. The protocol allows bl...

This research was done while I was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies (IMES) of the Bank of Japan (BOJ) during the spring of 2001. I am very grateful to the IMES and the BOJ for their hospitality and research resources, and would like to thank the seminar participants at the IMES, Hitotsubashi University, the Research Institute of Economy, Trade, and Industry,...