background: axotomy causes sensory neuronal loss. reconnection of proximal and distal nerve ends by surgical repair improves neuronal survival. it is important to know the morphology of primary sensory neurons after the surgical repair of their peripheral processes. methods: animals (male wistar rats) were exposed to models of sciatic nerve transection, direct epineurial suture repair of sciati...

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune CNS-disease characterized by inflammatory neurodegenerative events occurring with de- and remyelination. Recent evidence show that demyelinated neurons are less excitable than myelinated ones while at early stages of remyelination these neurons seem to be hyperexcitable. The latter is a transitory condition that, very likely, leads to impaired neuronal networ...

Background & Aims: Neurogenesis in the adult mammal brain occurs throughout life. Adult neurogenesis has been clearly demonstrated in the sub granular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG) in the hippocampus. Pheromones that plays an essential role in the development of the central nervous system. The male pheromones are involved in regulating neurogenesis in both the olfactory bulb and hippocam...

Objective(s): To reach an evidence-based knowledge in the context of the temporal-spatial pattern of neuronal death and find appropriate time of intervention in order to preserve spared neurons and promote regeneration after traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI). Materials and Methods: The study design was based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA)-guided...

introduction: dna damage, as an important initiator of neuronal cell death, has been implicated in numerous neurodegenerative conditions. previously we have delineated several pathways that control embryonic cortical neuronal cell death evoked by the dna-damaging agent, camptothecin. the camptothecin, topoisomerase ι inhibitor, has been shown to induce cortical neuronal cell death in a reproduc...

Objective(s): Epilepsy establishment gives rise to biochemical and morphological changes in the hippocampus. Oxidative stress, morphological changes, and mossy fiber sprouting (MFS) in the hippocampus underpin the epilepsy establishment. Eugenol is the main component of the essential oil extracted from cloves with the potential to modulate neuronal excitability. Therefore, we investigated the e...

Introduction: Brain injury induces an almost immediate response from glial cells, especially astrocytes. Activation of astrocytes leads to the production of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species that may result in secondary neuronal damage. Melatonin is an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent, and it has been reported to exert neuroprotection through the prevention of neuronal d...