Languages are often categorized as having either predictable (fixed or quantity-sensitive) or non-predictable stress. Despite their name, fixed stress languages may have exceptions, so in fact, their stress does not always appear in the same position. Since predictability has been shown to affect certain speech phenomena, with additional or redundant acoustic cues being provided when the lingui...

While recent crosslinguistic studies have shown that the degree of speaker’s commitment or certainty is encoded intonationally either in a gradient or categorical fashion, our understanding of how French speakers use Intonational-Phrase (IP) final contours to signal their degree of certainty is limited. This paper investigates the contribution of a penultimate peak contour in French to convey s...

This paper presents the results of a study of the expression of word-level prosody in Jordanian Arabic. The study focuses on the durational, spectral, and fundamental frequency correlates of stress and word-"nal juncture in the speech of four speakers. Speakers exhibit extensive "nal lengthening e!ects and a smaller e!ect of stress and penultimate lengthening. Stress lengthening correlates with...

Duration and F0 were studied in a set of 111 Malay words produced by two female native speakers of Malay in order to identify the citation pattern. This preliminary study seemed to provide strong evidence for penultimate stress. Seen in a wider context, the evidence collapsed, and it became clear that Malay does not have word stress at all. The search for syllable timing led to doubts whether t...

to identify the high yielding lines with optimal characteristics, 40 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between ‘norstar’ (winter wheat) and ‘zagros’ (spring wheat) cultivars were examined using a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2014 at the research station of faculty of agriculture, university of tabriz, iran. the measured characters consisted of peduncle...

unsteady hydromagnetic generalised couette flow of a viscous, incompressible and electrically conducting fluid between two horizontal parallel porous plates darcian channel in the presence of a uniform transverse magnetic field taking hall current and ion-slip into account in a rotating system is investigated. an exact solution of the governing equations is obtained by laplace transform techniq...