نتایج جستجو برای: post and ex
تعداد نتایج: 16896920 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
The paper discusses the interaction of ex ante and ex post institutional convergence in the post-Soviet world, i.e. 12 members of the Commonwealth of Independent States. It starts with analysing empirical evidence for institutional convergence in the CIS, and then considers two channels of convergence: institutional competition for mobile capital and ex ante harmonization via interaction in pol...
We study ex post information rents in sequential screening models where the agent receives private ex ante and ex post information. The principal has to pay ex post information rents for preventing the agent to coordinate lies about his ex ante and ex post information. When the agent’s ex ante information is discrete, these rents are positive, whereas they are zero in continuous models. Consequ...
within communicative, interactive, and learner-centered framework of language teaching and learning, students need to learn four skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing for their educational success. but of all the language skills, reading enjoys a paramount significance in so many second or foreign language academic contexts. in spite of its importance, language learners still have...
تورم از جمله پدیده های مضر اقتصادی است که اثرات زیان باری بر کل اقتصاد یک کشور بر جای می گذارد. اما اکثر اقتصاددانان معتقدند که عمده ترین زیان های ناشی از تورم از طریق ایجاد نااطمینانی تورم است. نااطمینانی تورمی از طریق اثرهای ex-ante و ex-post بر روی متغیرهای حقیقی تاثیر گذاشته و از این کانال زیان های زیادی بر کل اقتصاد بر جای می گذارد. هدف این مطالعه آزمون این فرضیه است که نااطمینانی تورم بر ...
there is less published research about how teachers in efl contexts respond to students who are relatively less mature and less competent l2 writers. while writing researchers have examined various issues concerning peer and teacher response in writing-oriented classes, little research has centered on the effect of collaborative tasks particularly dictogloss on writing skills. output collaborat...
Introduction: Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation is the main cause of acute kidney damage. Nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis and oxidative stress are closely related to the pathogenesis of renal I/R injury. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of L-arginine (L-arg) as NO donor and aerobic exercise (EX) and also the combination of L-...
We analyze the optimal mix of ex ante experimentation and post learning for dynamic adoption activities with uncertain payoffs in a two-phase model information diffusion. In first preintroduction phase, costly is undertaken to decide whether adopt an activity or abandon experimentation. second stage following adoption, can continue possibly at different pace while remains place; withdrawal opti...
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