In this paper we evaluate the WER improvement from modeling pronunciation probabilities and word-specific silence probabilities in speech recognition. We do this in the context of Finite State Transducer (FST)-based decoding, where pronunciation and silence probabilities are encoded in the lexicon (L) transducer. We describe a novel way to model word-dependent silence probabilities, where in ad...

in their valuable discussion of whistleblowing in healthcare organisations, mannion and davies highlight the importance of organisational culture in influencing whether people raise concerns, and whether these concerns are listened to and acted upon. the role of leadership in shaping organisational culture is well-established1 and in this commentary, we will examine the influence of leaders in ...

Organizational voice and silence are two intertwined strategies in organizations. Organizational voice is an appropriate communicational tool in order to improve the organization. On the other hand, silence can have destructive effects on the decision-making process and organizational changes. Organizational culture is the important factor which facilitates ways of expressing ideas by employees...

The dualistic nature of the present study explored if there existed any relationship between organizational silence, job insecurity, job satisfaction, and burnout among EFL instructors and if job satisfaction me- diated the latent relationships among organizational silence, job insecurity, and burnout. To this end, 120 EFL instructors from different Azad University branches in the Fars pr...