ince the 1970s, a disabled people's movement has become established as a political force worldwide. It has confronted the orthodox view that disability should be defined in terms of individual impairment that requires medical treatment. In contrast, disability theory and practice argue that this movement arises from society's failure to remove the wide-ranging social, economic, and environmenta...

Gender disparities in wages and attainment caused by employer discrimination can come about by three very different processes: (1) allocative discrimination, in terms of who gets allocated to which jobs, at the point of hire, in subsequent promotion, and dismissal, (2) within-job wage discrimination, the unequal pay for the same work for the same employer, and (3) valuative discrimination, the ...

INDIVIDUAL PROCESSES IN INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR ................................ 3 From Individual to Group Impressions ...................................................................... 3 GROUP MEMBERSHIP AND INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR .................................. 7 The Scope and Range of Ethnocentrism .................................................................... 8 The Development of Eth...

This article reviews research on stigma and discrimination—at both the interpersonal and societal levels—faced by disadvantaged groups. Research on interpersonal discrimination primarily concerns discrimination that is perceived and directly experienced (e.g., discrimination in employment and health care), whereas research on societal discrimination focuses on broad societal factors (e.g., inst...

AIM Investigating the relationship between the perceived discrimination and the psychotic symptom severity as well as the level of social functioning in Romanian migrants with psychotic disorders, considering that this is a major stressor which contributes to the feeling of alienation from the majority culture. MATERIALS AND METHODS The assessment included 70 patients admitted to the Cluj Psy...

OBJECTIVE Internalizing mental illness stigma is related to poorer well-being, but less is known about the factors that predict levels of internalized stigma. This study explored how experiences of discrimination relate to greater anticipation of discrimination and devaluation in the future and how anticipation of stigma in turn predicts greater stigma internalization. METHOD Participants wer...

Resource-poor social environments predict poor health, but the mechanisms and processes linking the social environment to psychological health and well-being remain unclear. This study explored psychosocial mediators of the association between the social environment and mental health in African American adults. African American men and women (n = 1467) completed questionnaires on the social env...

INTRODUCTION Olfactory dysfunction affects about 85-90% of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with severe deterioration in the ability of discriminate several types of odors. In addition, studies reported declines in olfactory performances during a short period of sleep deprivation. Besides, PD is also known to strongly affect the occurrence and maintenance of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. M...