Background: To clarify the mechanism of sperm penetration through the zona pellucida, the flagellar force generated by a hyperactivated spermatozoon was evaluated using the resistive force theory applied to the hyperactivated flagellar waves that were obtained from the mammalian spermatozoa. Materials and Methods: The hydrodynamic calculation of the flagellar force of the activated (non-hyperac...

the shear strength and shear energy per unit area, as well as the force and energy required for picking flowers, are important parameters in the design and development of harvesting mechanisms. in this study, shear strength and shear energy per unit area of saffron (crocus sativus l.) stems were determined at different bevel angles and shear velocities. the force and energy required for picking...

crops and agricultural products are subject to natural loading during growth. different mechanical forces are also exerted on them during harvest. one product, sugar cane, experiences large shear forces are during harvest. an examination of the crop properties and machine parameters of sugar cane are necessary to develop appropriate cutting tools and the optimization and design of harvesting ma...

abstract introduction: identifying factors which cause the high incidence of acl is of great importance .the anterior shear forces are the primary mechanism of load sustained on the acl. during exercise, the activity of muscles and position of lower limbs may increase or decrease the anterior shear force. the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the activity level of...

A novel semi analytical method is developed for transient analysis of single-lap adhesive joints with laminated composite adherends subjected to dynamical loads. The presented approach has the capability of choosing arbitrary loadings and boundary conditions. In this model, adherends are assumed to be orthotropic plates that pursuant to the classical lamination theory. Stacking sequences can be...