We experimentally demonstrate that highly structured distributions of work emerge during even the simple task erasing a single bit. These are signatures refined suite time-reversal symmetries in distinct functional classes microscopic trajectories. As consequence, we introduce broad family conditional fluctuation theorems component must satisfy. Since they identify entropy production, encode bo...

ABSTRACTIn this work, the micro powder was the product of cedar leaf (MPCL) is used as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Pb2+ ions from aqueous solutions. Bath experiments were used to determine the best adsorption conditions The adsorption percentage of Pb2+ ions MPCL samples at different initial pH, contact time (tc), adsorbent dosage and temperature (T) were investigated. Effective rem...

Solid solutions of Ag-Cu were prepared via ball milling process, for about 5-30 h. The Cu-20at%Ag and Cu-3.64at%Ag composition were investigated by X-ray diffraction technique. It was realized that the solid solubility level could be increased by increasing the initial solute content in the mixture. In addition, shifts in peak positions of silver and copper were observed with milling time. The ...

The thermodynamic entropy production for the scattering processes of noninteracting bosons and fermions in mesoscopic systems is shown to be related to the difference between the ConnesNarnhofer-Thirring entropy per unit time, characterizing temporal disorder in the motion of quantum particles, and the associated time-reversed coentropy per unit time. Under nonequilibrium conditions, the positi...

In classical thermodynamic, maximum power obtained from system (or minimum power supplied to system) defined as availability (exergy), but availability term is only used for reversible systems. In reality, there is no reversible system, all systems are irreversible, because reversible cycles doesn’t include constrains like time or size and they operates in quasi-equilibrium state. Purpose of th...

Reverse micellar systems are nanofluids with unique properties that make them attractive in high selectivity separation processes, especially for biological compounds. Understanding the phase behavior and thermodynamic properties of these nanosystems is the first step in process design. Separation of components by these nanosystems is performed upon contact of aqueous and reverse micellar phase...

We introduce a continuous time-reversal operation which connects the time-forward and time-reversed trajectories in steady state of an irreversible Markovian dynamics via family stochastic dynamics. This time reversal allows us to derive tighter version thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) involving observables evaluated relative their local mean value. Moreover, realizing contains equilibr...