Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal Modulates Cystic Fibrosis Epithelial Cell Response through the TollLike Receptor 4 Patricia R. Wardwell1,2, David R. Wilson1,2, Dewayne L. Garner1,2 and Rebecca A. Bader1,2* 1Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA 2Onondaga Community College, Syracuse, NY, USA SOJ Immunology Open Acces...

  Introduction : The innate immune system as the first line of defense against the pathogens recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs). Interaction of bacterial PAMPs by TLRs results in activation of innate and acquired immunity. FimH adhesin, a minor component of type 1 fimbriae encoded by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is a PAMP of TLR4 tha...

Background: Toll like receptors (TLRs) are well recognized players in inflammatory conditions. Among them TLR-4 is involved in chronic inflammatory processes such as formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Objective: The present study was aimed to examine the effects of percutanoeus coronary intervention (PCI) as a revascularization method on monocyte expression of hTLR-4 and on the serum levels ...

Background: The pathogenesis of migraine involves immune-mediated mechanisms in the vascular endothelium. Toll like receptor 4 (TLR-4) is a signaling receptor of innate immunity which plays a role in various neuropathologies related to neuron inflammation. Objective: This case/control study is aimed to investigate whether TLR- 4 896A/G variation is related to migraine headaches in an Iranian po...

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a T cell mediated autoimmune disease with unknown etiology. Appropriate MS therapeutic strategies need thorough understanding of both disease etiology and pathogenesis mechanisms. Ligation of TLR-2 and TLR-4 stimulates the production of several cytokines leading to CNS autoimmunity and neurodegenerative diseases. Objective: To find a relationship between M...

Inflammation is induced because of interplay among multiple signaling pathways and molecules during infectious and noninfectious tissue injuries. Crosstalk between Toll-like receptor-4 signaling and the neuronal apoptosis inhibitor protein, major histocompatibility class 2 transcription activator, incompatibility locus protein from Podospora anserina, and telomerase-associated protein (NACHT), ...