Child abuse is a recognized public health and social problem worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), child abuse includes all forms of physical and/or emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect and negligent treatment and exploitation. Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long consequences. In spite of recent national surveys in several low- and midd...

Data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care were examined to determine how children's experiences in child care were related to peer competence at 24 and 36 months of age, after controlling for the effects of family and child characteristics. Peer competence was assessed using mother and caregiver ratings as well as observations of children w...

Child labor is an inseparable phenomenon in the s‌tructure of developing countries and third world nations. Numerous claims have been made about the benefits of the learning environment on child labor’s life. Individuals do their activities in designed environments, which can influence them. There were few s‌tudies on designing an educational place for child labors, especially in Iran. The purp...

background: since child abuse and neglect are serious conditions which can potentially lead to inappropriate dental health, we conducted this qualitative study to defi ne the factors infl uencing child abuse and neglect, which lead to oro-facial lesions. materials and methods: qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted by social services employees. purposive sampling was used to recr...

abstract aim and background: adoption is a subject with prolix antecedent in historical society and culture. child acceptation affects on partner and kinfolk relation; so the family experience recognition help nurse to have deep knowledge about family relation. method and materials: in this phenomenological qualitative study, participants were 15 family with adopted child in shahrekord, iran. t...

With increased numbers of women employed in their children's first year of life and with increased attention being paid by parents and policy makers to the importance of early experiences for children, establishing the links that might exist between early maternal employment and child cognitive outcomes is more important than ever. Negative associations between maternal employment during the fi...

objective: parental self-efficacy is associated with increasing mental health in children. there is a paucity of research in iran on the role of parental self-efficacy in increasing mental health status of children. in this preliminary study, we studied the effectiveness of the world health organization international child development program (2002) for children aged 3 years and younger in incr...