Does the perception of many close relationships as autonomy-supportive make students more motivated and competent? The goal of this study was to use latent class analysis (LCA) to compare the educational correlates of having one vs. several autonomy-supportive relationships. Participants were 1406 high school students (47% boys, 52% girls). LCA revealed three groups: Group 1 (17%) included stud...

This research set out to explore the relationship between teacher job satisfaction and institutional undertakings within the context of schools located in Karachi Pakistan. 345 questionnaire were completed by teachers from both public as well as private schools. The data collected was analyzed through factor and regression analysis. The variables examined include working conditions, principle’s...

Learner autonomy has been introduced to English language teaching and learning for a very long time. Yet, there are many education practitioners who not aware of this concept, pre-service teachers, or what we can call future teachers exceptions. This study was aimed investigate teachers’ practice in fostering learner during programs. A survey questionnaire employed 78 majoring the Education Pro...

There has been a remarkable growth of interest in the theory and practice of autonomy in language teaching and learning in recent years. Focusing on work published since the turn of the 20th century, this review examines major trends in the recent literature on autonomy related to the emergence of alternative views of autonomy, new contexts of practice and interaction with concepts such as self...

This study assessed three dimensions of parent style, autonomy support, involvement, and provision of structure in 64 mothers and 50 fathers of elementary-school children in Grades 36, using a structured interview. Construct validity data for the interview ratings suggested that the three parent dimensions were reliable, relatively independent, and correlated with other parent measures in hypot...

This study explored students' perceptions of 3 dimensions of school climate (teacher support, student-student support, and opportunities for autonomy in the classroom) and the associations between these dimensions and adolescent psychological and academic adjustment in China and the United States. Data were drawn from 2 studies involving 706 middle school students (M = 12.26) from Nanjing, Chin...