Communicative language use largely entails regular patterns consisting of pre-constructed phrases or sequences. These sequences have been examined by many researchers to find the situation-based formulas which may help L2 learners follow a possibly more target-like speaking system. This study, therefore, explored two categories of formulaic expressions including speech formulas and situation-bo...

As natural language dialog systems involving both speech recognition and text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis become more sophisticated, the limitations of general-purpose TTS for human-computer dialogs have become more apparent. Much subtlety and complexity of meaning in natural language dialogs is conveyed by prosody; how something is said is often as important as what words are spoken. At the same...

this study aims to examine how iranian efl learners perceive and apply mitigation devices in request speech act in 4 asymmetrical situations. role-play interactions and questionnaires were used to elicit the required data from iranian informants (male vs. female). the results obtained from the analysis of data revealed that in identical situations, male requestors were comparably more certain t...

The present study aimed to review the instruction of the L2 speech acts in English pragmatics in the Iranian context during the last two decades from 2000 to 2020. To this end, upon the completion of the study search, the retrieved articles were selected and analyzed based on the research domain.  The results of our synthesis from 54 studies carried out on the instruction of the speech act not ...

This article traces the convergence of state redress and educational construction citizenship from 1990s onwards in Australia. It examines how successive settler political leaders used education a historical consciousness—settler citizens’ relation to past, present future—as core strategy seek resolution problematic national past. The key speeches that sought mediate nation's past light growing...

The acceptance of trolling as a feature internet communication and the clustering together behaviors that range from playfulness to abusive bullying under term “trolling” has interesting moral implications. For it seems sometimes such behavior is dismissed “mere trolling” consequently trolls who perform these acts are granted partial exemption responsibility for content or consequences their sp...

In this study, multimodal interaction analysis is used to analyze the apology act of two Chinese EFL learners and Bangladeshi in face-to-face through task-role-playing via software Elan. The radar figures are also drawn show similarities differences modal density six different resources: gesture, head movement, gaze, facial expression, posture, utterances. It found that intensity gaze modality ...

The present study examined the different levels of (im)politeness strategies in expressing request, apology, and refusal speech acts across intermediate and advanced Iranian EFL learners to identify their attitudinal ratings of their produced structures in terms of pragmatic success and (im)politeness mannerism. A discourse completion test including 2 Likert scales on attitudinal appropriatenes...

A Barlám és Jozafát regény 26-27. fejezetében Nákhór ál-tanúságtétele nem más, mint Aristeidés eltűntnek hitt Apológiájának átirata. tanulmány az Apologia utóéletének áttekintése, a „kölcsönzött szöveg" elbeszélésen belüli szerepének vizsgálatán túl, védőbeszéd Iviron kódexben megőrzött - ez- idáig kiadatlan görög ófrancia nyelvű változatából is közöl részleteket. The speech in the Barlaam and ...