Existing dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) have a limited ability in reproducing phenology and decadal dynamics of vegetation greenness as observed by satellites. These limitations in reproducing observations reflect a poor understanding and description of the environmental controls on phenology, which strongly influence the ability to simulate longer-term vegetation dynamics, e.g. carbo...

Changes in resource availability often cause competitively driven changes in tree allocation to foliage, wood, and fine roots, either via plastic changes within individuals or through turnover of individuals with differing strategies. Here, we investigate how optimally competitive tree allocation should change in response to elevated atmospheric CO2 along a gradient of nitrogen and light availa...

High nutrient availability and defoliation generally reduce ectomycorrhizal colonization levels in trees, but it is not known how this affects the functional aspects of mycorrhizal symbiosis. It was therefore investigated whether (1) defoliation or increasing substrate N availability reduce C allocation from the plant to the fungus and N allocation from the fungus to the plant (symbiotic resour...

This paper discusses the performance evaluation and availability analysis of ammonia synthesis unit of a fertilizer plant. The fertilizer plant is a complex and repairable engineering system comprises of various units viz. shell gasification and carbon recovery, desulphurization, co-shift conversion, decarbonation, nitrogen wash and ammonia synthesis etc. One of the most important functionaries...

In this paper, we study different methods of solving joint redundancy-availability optimization for series-parallel systems with multi-state components. We analyzed various effective factors on system availability in order to determine the optimum number and version of components in each sub-system and consider the effects of improving failure rates of each component in each sub-system and impr...

Resource allocation to different functions is central in life-history theory. Plasticity of functional traits allows clonal plants to regulate their resource allocation to meet changing environments. In this study, biomass allocation traits of clonal plants were categorized into absolute biomass for vegetative growth vs. for reproduction, and their relative ratios based on a data set including ...