We introduce a simple iterative technique for bounding derivatives of solutions of Stein equations Lf = h−Eh(Z), where L is a linear differential operator and Z is the limit random variable. Given bounds on just the solutions or certain lower order derivatives of the solution, the technique allows one to deduce bounds for derivatives of any order, in terms of supremum norms of derivatives of th...

In order to test the existence of Thirlwall’s law for Turkey during the period of 19802008, bounds test approach to cointegration is applied. The empirical results suggest that Thirlwall’s law holds for Turkey. This study also suggests some policy recommendations to curb the deficits in the balance-of-payments.

iran is one of the most concentrated areas of afghan migrants and refugees. most afghans dispersed throughout the country mixed with iranian households. the majority of afghan immigrants are typically unskilled and illegal workers. this study aims at investigating the nature of the causal relationship between afghan immigrants and two main labor market indicators, average wages and unemployment...

Risk-averse mixed-integer multi-stage stochastic programming forms a class of extremely challenging problems since the problem size grows exponentially with the number of stages, the problem is non-convex due to integrality restrictions and the objective function is a dynamic measure of risk. For this reason, we propose a scenario tree decomposition approach, namely group subproblem approach, t...

The objective of this paper is to examine the cause inflation based on fiscal policy perspective where government revenue and debt such an inflationary process, meaning that if these two variables do not controlled properly, they will lead higher level inflation. Using annual data from 1972 2016 ARDL bounds test approach process data, result co integration shows are simulaneously have long run ...

On account of the existence of uncertainty, DEA occasionally faces the situation of imprecise data, especially when a set of DMUs include missing data, ordinal data, interval data, stochastic data, or fuzzy data. Therefore, how to evaluate the efficiency of a set of DMUs in interval environments is a problem worth studying. In this paper, we discussed the new method for evaluation and ranking i...