patients with malignancy are at higher risk of thrombotic complications due to the hypercoagulability state. our objective in this study was to assess the serum concentrations of homocysteine, anti phospholipid antibodies, and anti cardiolipin in patients with benign and malignant breast tumors and study the effect of chemotherapy on the serum levels of these markers. a case control study was c...

background: determination of the impact of angiogenesis on tumor development and progression is essential. this study aimed to determine the serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) and interleukin 6 (il-6) in breast carcinoma, and to correlate them with tumor size, lymph node involvement, and cancer stage. methods: under aseptic precautions 5 ml of venous blood was collected f...

the primary carcinoma may secondarily invade bone tissue through direct extensions, blood circulation or lymphatic transportation particulary when it is arising from breast, prostate, kidney, thyroid and lung. metastatics tumors of bone are more common than primary tumor of bone. the most common tumor, which metastasizes into bone, is the breast adenocarcinoma. some metastatic tumors of bone in...

abstract primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast is a very rare malignant tumor. there are not many cases reported in the english literature since it was first documented in 1983. reports on the imaging features, in particular the ultrasonographic features of this rare tumor are scarce. herein, we report a case of aggressive primary infiltrating neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast, ma...

background: to explore a possible rela!onship among blood groups and the prognosis of breast cancer, this case- control study was carried out in arak city, arak province, iran. materials and methods: one hundred and thirty four pa!ents with breast cancer were inves!gated. abo blood groups were obtained from medical records. mul!variate analyses were performed, including size of tumor, axillary ...

background: aberrant methylation of cytosine-guanine dinucleotide islands leads to inactivation of tumor suppressor genes in breast cancer. tumor suppressor genes are unmethylated in normal tissue and often become hypermethylated during tumor formation, leading to gene silencing. we investigated the association between e-cadherin ( cdh1) and estrogen receptor-α (esrα) gene promoter methylation ...

objective: n-nitroso-n-methylurea (nmu) induces breast cancer in rodents, particularly in rats. this model of breast cancer is very similar to human breast cancer. as a continuation of our recent work, we investigated the expressions of cyclin d1 and p21 in nmu-induced breast cancer of wistar albino rats. materials and methods: in this experimental study, mammary carcinoma was induced in female...

Background: Aberrant methylation of cytosine-guanine dinucleotide islands leads to inactivation of tumor suppressor genes in breast cancer. Tumor suppressor genes are unmethylated in normal tissue and often become hypermethylated during tumor formation, leading to gene silencing. We investigated the association between E-cadherin (CDH1) and estrogen receptor-α (ESRα) gene promoter methylation a...