The classical economic order quantity model of Wilson’s was developed with the assumption that the buyer must pay off immediately on arrival of the goods in the inventory system. In fact, offering buyers to delays payment for goods received is considered as a sales promotional tool in the business world. With offer of trade credit, vendor increases sales, attracts more buyers and reduces on – h...

cash is a critical source for business enterprises and creating balance between available cash and the required cash is the most important factor concerning the economic viability of a business enterprise. both of the companies that do not hold enough cash or hold too much cash, face too much problems. this paper investigates the impact of deviation from the estimated optimal cash level on firm...

Autonomous agents functioning in complex and rapidly changing environments can improve their task performance if they update and correct their world model over the life of the agent. Existing research on this problem can be divided into two classes. First, reinforcement learners that use weak inductive methods to directly modify an agent’s procedural execution knowledge. These systems are robus...

The role of the medium of exchange in competition among bidders and its effect on returns to stockholders in corporate takeovers are investigated. Consistent with recent empirical evidence, our model shows that stockholders of both acquiring and target firms obtain higher returns when a takeover is financed with cash rather than equity, and that returns to target shareholders increase with comp...

Promotion of low-skilled off-farm rural labor market participation can be an important strategy to improve livelihoods and food security of the poor in developing countries. This paper investigates rural farm households' participation in low-skilled off-farm labor markets with disaggregate data from a survey of 400 households in Tigray, the northern highlands of Ethiopia. Adopting Heckman's two...

This study investigates empirically the value investors place in excess cash holdingand how managerial ability impact on the value of cash holding for Iranianfirms from 2006 to 2014. In this research, managerial ability calculated by usingthe data envelopment analysis (DEA). Following the approach of Faulkender andWang, we find that the relation between managerial ability and value of cash hold...

Cash-crop diffusion in colonial Africa was uneven and defied colonizers’ expectations efforts, especially for cotton. This study investigates how agricultural seasonality affected African farmers’ cotton adoption, circa 1900–1960. A contrast between British Uganda the interior of French West demonstrates that a short rainy season resulting farming cycles generated seasonal labor bottlenecks foo...