BACKGROUND As a result of poor economic opportunities and an increasing shortage of affordable housing, much of the spatial growth in many of the world's fastest-growing cities is a result of the expansion of informal settlements where residents live without security of tenure and with limited access to basic infrastructure. Although inadequate water and sanitation facilities, crowding and othe...

BACKGROUND Infectious diseases account for a significant global burden of disease and substantial investment in research and development. This paper presents a systematic assessment of research investments awarded to UK institutions and global health metrics assessing disease burden. METHODS We systematically sourced research funding data awarded from public and philanthropic organisations be...

Participation in vaccination campaigns worldwide, particularly the Expanded Programme on Immunization, has increased significantly in recent years. However, there remain multiple and integrated behavioural, sociocultural and political-economic barriers to vaccination. The Diseases of the Most Impoverished (DOMI) Programme has undertaken shigellosis disease-burden studies and oral cholera and ty...

Abstract Background and purpose:Cholera is an endemic disease in Iran and in some cases each year from around the country report. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the disease cholera among people suffering from acute diarrhea in the AranvaBidgol. Materials and Methods:In this study, patients with acute diarrhea were examined for cholera detection in the city of AranvaBidg...

BACKGROUND To contain ongoing cholera outbreaks, the World Health Organization has suggested that reactive vaccination should be considered in addition to its previous control measures. OBJECTIVES To explore the potential impact of a hypothetical reactive oral cholera vaccination using the example of the recent large-scale cholera outbreak in Zimbabwe. METHODS This was a retrospective cost-...

BACKGROUND Children under five bear the largest cholera burden. We therefore sought to identify modifiable risk factors among Bangladeshi children. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We used multivariate Poisson regression to assess risk factors for severe cholera among diarrheal patients presenting at hospitals in Matlab (rural) and Dhaka (urban), Bangladesh. Risk increased with age. Compared to...

UNLABELLED Disability after childhood diarrhea is an important burden on global productivity. Recent studies suggest that gut bacterial communities influence how humans recover from infectious diarrhea, but we still lack extensive data and mechanistic hypotheses for how these bacterial communities respond to diarrheal disease and its treatment. Here, we report that after Vibrio cholerae infecti...

Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of Asiatic cholera, is a gram-negative motile bacterial species acquired via oral ingestion of contaminated food or water sources. Cholera has spread from the Indian subcontinent where it is endemic to involve nearly the whole world seven times during the past 185 years. V. cholerae serogroup O1, biotype El Tor, has moved from Asia to cause pandemic disease ...