Interactions within and between species complicate quantification of climate effects, by causing indirect, often delayed, effects of climate fluctuations and compensation of mortality. Here we identify direct and indirect climate effects by analysing unique Russian time-series data from the Norwegian Sea-Barents Sea ecosystem on the first life stages of cod, capelin, herring and haddock, their ...

Recently, the effects of global climate changes have become top concerns for governments’ decision making regarding infrastructure investments. Extreme weather events that exceed the capacity of existing systems have considerably increased in frequency, and the potential effects of changing trends in temperature and rainfall on infrastructure are difficult to ignore. It is essential for governm...

This study examines the impact of multiple shocks on assets by employing two waves of a panel data set of 360 rural households in three agro-ecological zones in Kenya. To control for unobserved heterogeneity, a ‘within’ household fixed effects model was employed. One major finding is that climatic shocks negatively affect households’ livestock holdings -apart from small ruminant and non-ruminan...

the agricultural sector was affected by climate change more than every other sectors, because it is close to nature. in other words, the effects of climate change were been on the farmers’ livelihood. farmers need to entrepreneurial changes for adaptation to climate change in their livelihood. hence, investigation of farmers’ entrepreneurial behavior in response to climate change was the main p...

this study was performed based on 482 questionnaires from 30 food companies' salespeople which contained 39-items. for testing the model, multilevel approach and hlm 6.05 was used. the main effects of basic physiological needs (relatedness, competency and autonomy) and moderation and main effects of competitive climate and collective sales efficacy were investigated. results showed related...

This paper models the unemployment effects of restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions, embodying two of the most significant types of short term economic imperfections that generate unemployment: sectoral rigidities in labor mobility and sectoral rigidities in wage adjustments. A labor policy is also analyzed that would reduce the direct negative economic effects of the emissions restrictions....

We provide the first estimates of the potential impact of climate change on human capital, focusing on the impacts from both short-run weather and long-run climate. Exploiting the longitudinal structure of the NLSY79 and random fluctuations in weather across interviews, we identify the effect of temperature in models with child-specific fixed effects. We find that short-run changes in temperatu...