This paper empirically explores how whistle-blowers, as members of a collective or as individual actors, are motivated to report a wrongdoing in public service organizations of Iran. Whistle-blowing in the service organizations of public sector utilizes the mass media to call the attention of public to corruption activities that are associated to the misuse of public funding in a direct way. Th...

OBJECTIVES Illegitimate tasks refer to tasks that do not conform to what can appropriately be expected from an employee. Violating role expectations, they constitute "identity-stressors", as one's professional role tends to become part of one's identity. The current study investigated the impact of illegitimate tasks on salivary cortisol. We analyzed data on an intra-individual level, that is, ...

Roma in Macedonia suffer from dire health consequences due to economic factors, such as high rates of unemployment and poverty, and social factors, including discrimination by medical providers. Although Macedonia administers a public health care system for its citizens, Roma frequently lack access to this system in contravention of the rights to health and equality enshrined in Macedonia's Con...

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Forages are the most important ingredient in a dairy cow’s ration. She is a ruminant and to be a healthy, productive cow she needs a healthy, productive rumen. High quality forages are the key to achieving a healthy rumen and a productive cow. However, because of the importance of forages in maintaining rumen health and cow performance, when deficiencies in the amount or quality of the forage i...