conclusion distinct neurochemical and histological structure changes (cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical cycle) exist in patients with first-episode ocd. 1h-mrs is capable of identifying these changes by assessing metabolic abnormalities. objectives this study aims to use magnetic resonance spectroscopy (mrs) to discover substance-metabolism abnormalities of brain circuits in patients with firs...

introduction: the role of adenosine a1 receptors of the amygdala on entorhinal cortex kindled seizures was investigated. material and methods: animals were kindled by daily electrical stimutation of entorhinal cortex. in the full kindled animals, n6-cyclohexyladenosine (cha 10, 50, 100, 500óm), an adenosine a1 receptor agonist and 8-cyclopentyl- 1, 3, dimethylxanthine (cpt, 10, 20 óm), an adeno...

introduction: the role of adenosine a1 receptors of the entorhinal cortex on amygdaloid kindled seizures was investigated. material and methods: animals were kindled by daily electrical stimulation of amygdala. in the full kindled animals, n6-cyclohexyladenosine (cha; 0.1, 1 and 10 mm), an adenosine a1 receptor agonist, and 8-cyclopenthyle 1,3-dimethylexanthine (cpt), an adenosine a1 receptor a...

  Objective: Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic disease of the bone decreasing bone mineral density (BMD) particularly in postmenopausal women. On the other hand, panoramic radiography has several applications in dentistry. It appears that by calculating some indices on panoramic radiographs, we may be able to predict the risk of osteoporosis in high-risk individuals. The present study w...

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of soy milk on serum 17- β estradiol level and number of neurons in cerebral cortex and hippocampus as well as determination of the ratio of neurons in cortical and hippocampal regions in neonatal ovariectomized rats. Thirty female rats (one day old) were divided into six groups of five. At day 7, ovariectomy surgery was performed in four groups a...

Drug abuse has been claimed to cause the loss of neurons and reduction of volume in both the adult and developing brain. This study examined cortex volumes in cerebrum and cerebellum of male rats that were dependent on morphine using unbiased stereological counting methods and systematic random sampling technique. Our goal was to test whether short time exposure to morphine can affect the corte...

Objective(s): Amyloid β plaques, in Alzheimer’s disease, are deposits in different areas of the brain such as prefrontal cortex, molecular layer of the cerebellum, and the hippocampal formation. Amyloid β aggregates lead to the release of cytochrome c and finally neuronal cell death in brain tissue. hCG has critical roles in brain development, neuron differentiation, and function. Therefore, we...