Internationally, settlement informality (informal housing and informal settlements) is increasing, not decreasing. Thus, according to United Nations estimates, there are currently 924 million people living in various forms of slums and unauthorized or informal settlements (UN Habitat, 2003, p2). In Sub-Saharan Africa 71,9% of urban dwellers lived in slums (ibid). In South Africa, official gover...

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One of the most important topic that consider in recent years by researcher is absolute value equation (AVE). The absolute value equation seems to be a useful tool in optimization since it subsumes the linear complementarity problem and thus also linear programming and convex quadratic programming. This paper introduce a new method for solving absolute value equation. To do this, we transform a...

Young children use informal strategies to solve arithmetic word problems. The Situation Strategy First (SSF) framework claims that these strategies prevail even after instruction. The present study was conducted with second grade students in order to investigate the persistence of intuitive, situationbased strategies, on word problems that do not involve dynamic temporal changes. This is challe...

Social sustainability has focus on the type of development that promotes social interaction and inclusion. It gives emphasis to inclusive community, social cohesions, quality of life, social equity and diversity. In fact, as one of the three domains of sustainability social sustainability plays a vital role in enhancing the community by the means of giving delivering equal opportunities, creati...