This paper develops a method for solving the single product multi-period production-planning problem, in which the production and the inventory costs of each period arc concave and backlogging is not permitted. It is also assumed that the unit variable cost of the production evolves according to a continuous time Markov process. We prove that this production-planning problem can be Stated as a ...

generally ordering policies are done by two methods, including fix order quantity (foq) and fix order period (fop). these methods are static and either the quantity of ordering or the procedure of ordering is fixing in throughout time horizon. in real environments, demand is varying in any period and may be considered as uncertainty. when demand is variable in any period, the traditional and st...

Dynamic sound scattering (DSS) is a powerful acoustic technique for investigating the motion of particles or other inclusions inside an evolving medium. In DSS, this dynamic information is obtained by measuring the field autocorrelation function of the temporal fluctuations of singly scattered acoustic waves. The technique was initially introduced 15 years ago, but its technical aspects were no...

Widespread replication of information can ameliorate the problem of server overloading but raises the allied question of server selection. Clients may be assigned to a replica in a static manner or they may choose among replicas based on client-initiated measurements. The latter technique, called dynamic server selection (DSS), can provide signi®cantly improved response time to users when compa...

Ethnic disparities in lung and bronchial cancer diagnoses and disease-specific survival (DSS) rates in the United States are well known. However, few studies have specifically assessed these differences in Asian subgroups. The primary objectives of the retrospective analysis described herein were to identify any significant differences in clinicopathologic features, treatment, and survival rate...

The traditional approach in DSS falls short of providing a highly interactiveproblem solving environment for planning.Often, cumbersomeprocedures are required to implement optional plans and obtain feedback information. In dynamic graphic systems, the user is able to view di€ erent linked graphic representations (e.g., spatial or statistical graphs) of statistical data and interact (e.g., selec...

Generally ordering policies are done by two methods, including fix order quantity (FOQ) and fix order period (FOP). These methods are static and either the quantity of ordering or the procedure of ordering is fixing in throughout time horizon. In real environments, demand is varying in any period and may be considered as uncertainty. When demand is variable in any period, the traditional and st...

Decision support systems (dss) are used for the solution of a wide range of environmental related problems. In order to use dss more efficient it is necessary to divide them according to specific purpose types. Classic dss can be applied to situations in order to investigate the change of a system under certain one-time actions. Because of usual complex initial situations and huge demand of dat...

The relative role of dynamic and fixed heterogeneity in shaping the individual heterogeneity observed in most life-history traits remains difficult to quantify. In a recent work, Tuljapurkar et al. (2009) suggested modeling individual heterogeneity in lifetime reproductive success by a null model building reproductive trajectories from a first-order Markov chain. According to this model, among-...

In the context of public transportation system, improving the service quality and robustness through minimizing the average passengers waiting time is a real challenge. This study provides robust stochastic programming models for train timetabling problem in urban rail transit systems. The objective is minimization of the weighted summation of the expected cost of passenger waiting time, its va...