A lot of studies emphasize the importance of SMEs for the prosperity of a national economy. This refers to employment, innovation, as well as to volume of sales. Today companies have to form networks to be able to offer also in the future competitive and innovative products and services. Collaboration in networks increases the potential for satisfying special market demands and simultaneously f...

Since the meltdown of the global financial system in 2008 triggered by the sub-prime mortgage bubble in the United States, there is an emerging consensus, even among economists, that there is a need for new economic thinking2 (See Stiglitz, 2010 & Kaletsky, 2010). The economic thinking that has prevailed in postwar capitalist societies is based on the neo-classical – Keynesian synthesis, hereaf...

While India has transformed itself into a global leader in IT, its major cities have become enclaves for growth that only benefits a middleand upper-class minority. Despite the increases in employment, this prosperity has not “trickled down” to the millions of impoverished in a highly fragmented, stratified society. The caste system and the history of India’s middle class have engendered politi...

the cities are home to half of the people who live on the planet earth. they stimulate economic growth and cultural prosperity, but they are also the center of pollution and poverty. therefore, the livability of cities, in particular urban distressed areas, has always been one of the issues and challenges facing thinkers in different fields of urban management. however, the planning to improve ...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address the importance of conversing within cities, organizations and beyond, in order to adapt to the rapidly changing environment and promote co-operation, participation and with special reference to European cities. Design/methodology/approach – This paper brings examples and case studies of how the concepts of conversing cities has been and is being...

Conceptual Models 22 a. Proprietorship formations and returns to proprietorships 23 Individual-level factors 24 County-level factors 25 b. Impact of proprietorship formations 29 Extended Abstract This study expands on previous research by including a wider set of local economic and community factors affecting non-farm entrepreneurship or self-employment than have previously been considered. The...

The decline in perceived happiness within economic prosperity in Chinese society calls for further examination. In this research, we investigate the effect of employment in public sector work units on perceived happiness through the mediation of economic and social status relative deprivations. In the reform era of China, work unit is still an important mechanism maintaining social inequality, ...

The rise of civilizations involved the dual emergence of economies that could produce surplus (“prosperity”) and states that could protect surplus (“security”). But the joint achievement of security and prosperity had to escape a paradox: prosperity attracts predation, and higher insecurity discourages the investments that create prosperity. We study the trade-offs facing a proto-state on its p...

This paper studies the effects of English proficiency on employment of U.S. foreign-born immigrants, using data from the 2001 American Community Survey (ACS). It shows that English proficiency plays an important role in immigrants’ employment and its effects on employment patterns across genders are different. Probit regressions show that immigrants with a higher level of English proficiency ar...