language and culture are now deemed to be co-constitutive; hence english language teaching (elt) textbooks should incorporate cultural aspects and promote intercultural competence. however, careful decisions should be made as regards to the cultural content of materials and the ways in which culture is represented. this study was an attempt to deconstruct the patterns of cultural representation...

among the linguistic resources for creating grammatical metaphor, nominalization rewords   processes and properties metaphorically as nouns within the experiential metafunction of language. following halliday's (1998a) classification of grammatical metaphor, the current study investigated nominalization exploited in an english applied linguistics textbook and its corresponding persian translati...

English for Academic Purposes (EAP) and English for Specific Purposes (ESP) are developing branches of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) instruction in Iran. These branches have a marginal status in the tertiary education, and the Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology’s high commission offers no clear guidance for selecting and developing basic academic instructional materials related...

  University students in Iran need English to reinforce their specialist knowledge in order to meet their academic needs and not to be isolated from technological advances. The architecture students at the university level in Iran are no exception. Bearing this in mind, the present research intends to address itself to the following questions: 1) what are the problems in materials design in ESP...