one of the most important issues in the supply chain management is reducing the bullwhip effect. the bullwhip effect is the increasing of the fluctuation of demands from customer toward supplier in a supply chain. the reasons for this effect and the solution for its elimination are studied by many researchers up to now. one of the main known reasons is variation of the time value of money that ...

Money-Laundering causes a higher prevalence of crime and reduces the desire tending to invest in productive activities. Also, it leads to weaken the integrity of financial markets and decrease government control over economic policy. Banks are able to prevent theft, fraud, money laundering conducted by customers through identification of their clients’ behavioral characteristics. This leads to ...

t is a challenging time to be taking up the reins of Sexually Transmitted Infections. After a prolonged period of decline, there are epidemics of bacterial STIs in the United Kingdom and Western Europe, including outbreaks of syphilis. HIV continues to escalate; the prevalence of HIV is escalating due to persistent or rising incidence combined with increased survival. Globally we face major epi...

The issue of doctors’ pay is once again under the spotlight. profession remains divided over how important is, debating whether proposed 1% rise just another kick in teeth. To put this into context, has failed to keep pace with inflation for successive years, extent that we are now facing a 7% cut real terms past 10 years.1 And it’s not been eroded. current NHS pension offering about half what …

The present paper is an attempt to: 1- Demonstrate how money is created (by the nature of the system), and to estimate the inflation resulting from monetary factors in both usurious and non-usurious systems. Operational aspects of Islamic and non-Islamic banking systems are compared. 2- Introduce a corrective term to be added to the multiplier of the supply of money, in order to prevent the und...