Problem solving is a core cognitive ability. Human performance varies widely in solving different types of problems. Ideally, cognitive models of problem solving should explain these variations in two ways: (1) the model should reproduce the sequences of actions applied by humans during problem solving (empirical adequacy), and (2) the time required by the model should match that required by hu...

High reliability organization (HRO) theory suggests that early detection of and swift responses to potentially hazardous and situation changing events in organizational environments is central to the sustainability of reliable operations. Limited research on HRO’s (e.g. military groups and firefighters) considers how normative demands on feeling and emotion help to explain why some events are r...

High-reliability healthcare organizations, such as Intensive Care Units, operate in challenging high-velocity environments regarding decision-making, uncertainty, and time constraints. Further, these organizations are multidisciplinary, professionally driven, and characterized by a strong hierarchical structure. Given such conditions, effective cross-functional communication is critical for ens...

System performance in healthcare pivots on the ability to match demand for care with the resources that are needed to provide it. High reliability is desirable in organizations that perform inherently hazardous, highly technical tasks. However, healthcare’s high variability, diversity, partition between workers and managers, and production pressure make it difficult to employ essential aspects ...

electric power industry have always try to provide reliable electricity to customers and at the same time decrease system costs. high voltage circuit-breakers are an essential part of the power network. this study has developed a maintenance and replacement scheduling model for high voltage circuit- breakers that minimize maintenance costs while maintaining the acceptable reliability. this mode...

Organizational sense making is the process that helps managers to understand how organization's members change ideas and eventually what they chose, maintain and achieve among different meanings. �This study examines and presents a model of sense making in service organizations and results in addition to the research community in other service organizations such as municipalities and municipal ...

When facing emergency scenarios, several contingent factors may strongly condition the pre-defined response procedures. The proposed approach takes the perspective that an emergency response tool may guide the response effort. The tool adopts a conceptual model grounded on existing situation awareness models and research work done with High Reliability Organizations. The model structures the em...

with the huge global and wide range of attention placed upon quality, promoting and optimize the reliability of the products during the design process has turned out to be a high priority. in this study, the researcher have adopted one of the existing models in the reliability science and propose a bi-objective model for redundancy allocation in the series-parallel systems in accordance with th...

Fault tolerance requirements for near term disk array storage systems are analyzed. The excellent reliability provided by RAID Level 5 data organization is seen to be insuucient for these systems. We consider various alternatives { improved MTBF and MTTR times as well as smaller reliability groups and increased numbers of check disks per group { to obtain the necessary improved reliability. The...