Paralleling regulatory developments, we devise value-at-risk and expected shortfall type risk measures for the potential losses arising from using misspecified models when pricing and hedging contingent claims. Essentially, losses from model risk correspond to losses realized on a perfectly hedged position. Model uncertainty is expressed by a set of pricing models, relative to which potential l...

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 R I. DISABILITY AS AN ELIGIBILITY CRITERION: THE PROBLEM OF DEFINITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 R A. Defining Disability as an Eligibility Criterion . . . . . . . . 195 R B. Refining the Definition: Significant Ch...

We consider the widespread hypothesis that coherent curvature radiation is responsible for the radio emission of pulsars. The comparison of energy conservation and the published data and luminosities explicitely proves that coherent curvature radiation cannot be the source for the radio emission of pulsars for frequencies below a few GHz. At higher frequencies coherent curvature radiation can b...

The aim of this study was to examine long-term compliance with nonpharmacologic treatment of patients with heart failure (HF) and its associated variables. Data from 648 hospitalized patients with HF (mean age 69 ± 12 years, 38% women, mean left ventricular ejection fraction 33 ± 14%) were analyzed. Compliance was assessed by means of self-report at baseline and 1, 6, 12, and 18 months after di...

At first sight, there may appear to be little connection between Statistics and Law. On closer inspection it can be seen that the problems they tackle are in many ways identical — although they go about them in very different ways. In a broad sense, each subject can be regarded as concerned with the Interpretation of Evidence. I owe my own introduction to the common ground between the two activ...

because of sailing the estates by non-formal deeds; sometimes the estates of others are sailed without knowledge of the owner. so the dealing will be null by reject of the owner and the seller must amend the buyer’s damages. the main questions in this study are: what is the area of damages? what are the foundations of seller’s responsibility against the buyer? we will study the causality, excha...