In this article, M2 factor of a thin disk laser with unstable resonator in two regimes is calculated numerically. In the first case, thermal effects are ignored and the parameters of beam width, divergence angle, radius of wave front curvature and finally, M2 factor of laser beam are calculated by using generalized beam parameters. These calculations show that the beam quality of the laser is d...

a semi-empirical mathematical model for predicting physical part of ignition delay period in the combustion of direct - injection diesel engines with swirl is developed . this model based on a single droplet evaporation model . the governing equations , namely , equations of droplet motion , heat and mass transfer were solved simultaneously using a rung-kutta step by step unmerical method . the...

    Background & Aim: Laryngeal obstruction due to vocal cord paralysis has been treated in many ways. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the outcomes of posterior cordectomy by co2 laser and its effects on respiratory complications due to vocal cord paralysis. Patients & Method: In this pre and post-operative clinical trial, we made use of a 2-4 watt co2 laser which was connected ...

abstract objectives gradual increase length and complexity of utterance (gilcu) therapy method is a form of operant conditioning. this type of treatment is very precise and controlled that is done in 54 steps in 3 speech situations consisted of monologue, reading and conversation. this study aimed to examine the effects of gilcu treatment method on reduction of speech dysfluency of school-age...

in chapter one we will describe definitions and preliminary results to provide the global context of our own results to be presented in detail in the subsequent chapters in chapter two we consider degree-one maps of the circle and we study their rotation set. our main result in this chapter says that if the map is topologically mixing then its rotation interval is nontrivial (that is, not reduc...

Background and purpose: Laser bean produces thin incision along with hemostasis, sterility and decreased postoperative complications, hence facilitate air way surgery, but due to proximity of endotracheal tube to operation site, the risk of occupying and burning of endotrachel tube and surrunding tissues in each surgery is about 0.5% to 1.5%. This study is about the complications arised by...

Introduction: Today, laser technology is an integral part of medicine, medical malpractice is a major problem in healthcare systems.the purpose of present study was investigation of common causes of injuries, claims, and decisions related to medical malpractice claims related to Laser-therapy. Methods: investigation of legal documents in the coroner’s Office of Forensic Medicine, province of Te...

Today laser has a lot of usage in medicine and dentistry. In the field of dentistry, laser is used in soft tissue surgery, sterilization of canals (in root canal therapy) and in restorative dentistry laser is used for cavity preparation, caries removal, sealing the grooves (in preventive dentistry), etching enamel and dentin, composite polymerization and removal of tooth sensitivity. The use of...