Applied literature is a term that is the outcome of a need to put literature to tangible uses in the “real” world. A medical practitioner looking for a definition of life, for instance, finds literature a useful source for the answer. With paradigm shifts in scientific studies, interdisciplinarity has been a method to overcome the alienations that resulted from the isolation of disciplines from...

divan school played an important role in modernism and modernity which were comprehensive in the early twentieth century. by a brief look at the poetries and odes it is founded that the school was about to found a new plan which weren't different from the classic poetry. one of the technical features is the simultaneous presence of english culture beside the arabic. from their point of vie...

The topic in question is concerned with the sociological aspect of literature referring to Iran’s literary and historical experience. The basis of sociological criticism is built on the premise that literary works are the products of social life and that a comprehensive understanding of a work without considering its social aspects is impractical. To reach a better, more scientific, and more pr...

As we witness the rise of intemperate nationalism, self-indulgent nativism, and aggressive xenophobia in many countries, multiand intercultural studies and initiatives have come under considerable pressure. At least for now, it seems that they have not been able to offer satisfactory alternatives for populations that suffer under the ill effects of globalization or believe so. Theories of trans...

It was once believed that the ancients invented and perfected certain genres and that the works they left might serve as models for later writers. Today belief in ideal patterns is a distant memory, and our interest in genre takes other forms. Classicists, by engaging with the specific problems presented by Greek and Roman literature and with the speculative discourse taking place throughout li...

In the following discussion I will examine the application of Wittgenstein’s concept of family resemblance to genre theory. Despite its popularity among literary theorists, there is sometimes a discrepancy between the loose concept of family resemblance, at least in its negative-radical version, and the practical assumptions made about genres. In order to overcome the inadequacies of existing a...

in the poetics of aristotle, art and literature are imitations of reality and all literary elements have objective representation in the real world. following the theories of ferdinand de saussure and roman jakobson and formation of new literary approaches such as structuralism, there existed a modern poetics which didn’t consider literature as an imitation of reality but introduces it as recon...