Where there have been many, must be one. In the beginning and in end, for mess in-between can only a transitory state. Or so Hans Blumenberg characterizes fundamental presupposition of Western metaphysics. Very much line with this logic, International Relations has invested great deal conceptual energy unthinking undoing international as constituent concept. This article critically engages temp...

This essay is about how four deeply important Kantian ideas can significantly illuminate some essentially intertwined issues in philosophical theology, philosophical logic, the metaphysics of agency, and above all, morality. These deeply important Kantian ideas are: (1) Kant’s argument for the impossibility of the Ontological Argument, (2) Kant’s first “postulate of pure practical reason,” immo...

In the 20 century, Kant’s way of interrelating theory of cognition with metaphysics was considered as a particularly promising part of his philosophy. According to the Kantian approach, we take up a reflective attitude and refer to our own cognitive apparatus – we refer in particular to space and time as forms of intuition and to the categories. On this ground, one can argue for the following: ...

William Oliver Martin published "The Order and Integration of Knowledge" in 1957 to address the problem of the nature and the order of various kinds of knowledge; in particular, the theoretical problem of how one kind of knowledge is related to another kind. Martin characterizes kinds of knowledge as being either autonomous or synthetic. The latter are reducible to two or more of the autonomous...

Using the Hilbert–Bernays account as a spring-board, we first define four ways in which two objects can be discerned from one another, using the non-logical vocabulary of the language concerned. (These definitions are based on definitions made by Quine and Saunders.) Because of our use of the Hilbert-Bernays account, these definitions are in terms of the syntax of the language. But we also rela...

Heinrich Scholz (1884–1956) was a German Protestant theologian, philosopher and logician who established the study of logic as an independent subject by founding Germany’s first research institute for logic, in Munster. Since he also contributed to historiography well acquainted with work Paul Hertz Gerhard Gentzen. (For further information on cf. Peckhaus, V. (2018). Scholz. In: The Stanford E...

When I say that my conception of metaphysics is Aristotelian, or neo-Aristotelian, this may have more to do with Aristotle’s philosophical methodology than his metaphysics, but, as I see it, the core of this Aristotelian conception of metaphysics is the idea that metaphysics is the first philosophy. In what follows I will attempt to clarify what this conception of metaphysics amounts to in the ...

The Knowability Paradox is a logical argument which states that if all truths are knowable, then all truths are actually known. In 1963 Frederich Fitch published ‘A Logical Analysis of Some Value Concepts’[3]. This brief article appeared on the Journal of Symbolic Logic and it immediately became a classic of philosophical logic. It is in this paper that Fitch presented the Knowability Paradox, ...