despite all attractions of social participation in most parts of the rural development, due to the lack of practical approaches, it has just remained an advertising slogan. one of the necessities of rural development is the execution of plans which enjoy maximum social acceptance. one of these plans is locating and equipping high-order service settlements. using an operative process including e...

The FKG inequality asserts that for a distributive lattice with logsupermodular probability measure, any two increasing functions are positively correlated. In this paper we extend this result to functions with values in partially ordered algebras, such as algebras of matrices and polynomials.

As the United States approaches the twenty-first century... in an information-based, transnational and managerial economy, it is becoming increasingly apparent that if we do not better negotiate race and ethnicity in our society, we will not adequately solve the problems of economic inequality and discrimination. Racial and/or ethnic divisions and competition shape our efforts to understand and...

Few theories of gaming enjoyment have focused what is absent in gameplay. One exception is Erving Goffman’s sociological theory of “euphoric ease”. Because spontaneous and socially demanded emotional involvement often align in gameplay, Goffman holds, it lacks the effortful self-monitoring and self-regulation of conduct and emotion typical for everyday life. This paper presents an empirical gro...

We consider the problem of converting a product state to a ground state of a topologically ordered system through a locally generated open-system dynamic. Employing quantum-information tools, we show that such a conversion takes an amount of time proportional to the diameter of the system. Our result applies to typical twodimensional topologically ordered systems as well as, for example, the th...

The idea that events obey a definite causal order is deeply rooted in our understanding of the world and at the basis of the very notion of time. But where does causal order come from, and is it a necessary property of nature? Here, we address these questions from the standpoint of quantum mechanics in a new framework for multipartite correlations that does not assume a pre-defined global causa...