In passive testing a monitor observes the trace (sequence of inputs and outputs) of the system under test (SUT) and checks that this trace satisfies a given property P , potentially triggering a response if an incorrect behaviour is observed. Recent work has explored a variant of passive testing, in which we have a required property P of the traces of the SUT and there is a first-in-first-out (...

Bipedal walking has been demonstrated through physical and computer simulations by McGeer [1] to be possible without actuation or control within a range of shallow slopes. Results from such passive dynamic walkers have led many researchers to believe the mechanics of walking should be understood, in addition to the activation and control issues, for biped locomotion to be realized. Recent work ...

For decades, debate has raged among proponents of the active and passive approaches to equity investing. Many argue that the sophistication and experience of professional active managers is necessary in the everchanging investment landscape; others point to the better long-term performance of passive approaches, in part due to lower management fees. Investors will often take sides and allocate ...

In this work, a new strategy to design passive energy dissipation systems for vibration control of large structures is presented. The method is based on the equivalence between passive damping systems and fully decentralized static velocity-feedback controllers. This equivalence allows to take advantage of recent developments in static output-feedback control design to formulate the passive-dam...

Much of what we learn comes from a mix of information that we select (active learning) and information that we receive (passive learning). But what type of learning is best for different kinds of learning problems? In the current work, we explore this question by comparing different sequences of active/passive training in an abstract concept learning task. First, we replicate the active learnin...

A typical passive magnetic bearing has been modeled and analyzed for its performance characteristics. The magnetic bearing studied in this work comprised of a Shaft, inner magnets sleeved over the shaft, and outer magnetic rings. A detailed analysis has been perform on the force exerted by a permanent magnet on the shaft nurture to restore the shaft to its equilibrium position when an eccentric...

BACKGROUND Costs of tobacco-related disease can be useful evidence to support tobacco control. In Hong Kong we now have locally derived data on the risks of smoking, including passive smoking. AIM To estimate the health-related costs of tobacco from both active and passive smoking. METHODS Using local data, we estimated active and passive smoking-attributable mortality, hospital admissions,...

The idea of passive euthanasia has recently been attacked in a particularly clear and explicit way by an ‘‘Ethics Task Force’’ established by the European Association of Palliative Care (EAPC) in February 2001. It claims that the expression ‘‘passive euthanasia’’ is a contradiction in terms and hence that there can be no such thing. This paper critically assesses the main arguments for the Task...

In this work, a 3D capacitive coupling structure employing periodic pattern was used for application to miniaturized on-chip passive components on MMIC (Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit). Unlike conventional periodic structure, the characteristic impedance of the 3D capacitive coupling structure was hardly dependent on frequency. Using the 3D capacitive coupling structure, RF passive com...