The absolute, average, and differential phase shifts that p- and s-polarized light experience in total internal reflection (TIR) at the planar interface between two transparent media are considered as functions of the angle of incidence phi. Special angles at which quarter-wave phase shifts are achieved are determined as functions of the relative refractive index N. When the average phase shift...

We obtain the adiabatic Berry phase by defining a generalised gauge potential whose line integral gives the phase holonomy for arbitrary evolutions of parameters. Keeping in mind that for classical integrable systems it is hardly clear how to obtain open-path Hannay angle, we establish a connection between the open-path Berry phase and Hannay angle by using the parametrised coherent state appro...

PHASE-SENSITIVE AND DUAL-ANGLE RADIOFREQUENCY MAPPING IN NA MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING Steven P. Allen Department of Physics and Astronomy Bachelor of Science Many diagnostic applications in sodium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) require accurate flip angle mapping. In search for a mapping technique that performs well in sodium MRI, we evaluated the low signal-to-noise ratio performance of the...

Objective(s)Bioelectrical impedance is the measure of impedance of the body. Impedance consists of electric resistance and reactance. Phase angle (PA) is the tan value of the ratio of reactance versus electric resistance. PA depends on cell membrane integrity and on body cell mass. There exists a correlation between PA values and body cell mass.The objective of this study was to compare the PA ...

For lifting entry vehicle, angle of attack is one of the most important trajectory control inputs. This paper aims to develop a practical and effective method for angle of attack design. First, the factors which impact angle of attack are analyzed. The entry flight is discussed as equilibrium glide phase and initial diving phase respectively. And the operation zone of angle of attack is obtaine...

the manner of spray the fuel has an important effect on stability and convenient mixture of fuel and oxidizer. swirl injectors because of formation of uniform spray cone and proper distribution of the fuel have been used in many rocket engines at aerospace industries. formation and development of air core in the interior stream of swirl injectors and simulation of them is complicated. double ba...