Copyright © 2013, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Licensee Safnek Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is...

This study sought to compare Iranian EFL novice and expert teachers regarding their procedural knowledge in Iranian language institutes and universities. A questionnaire was developed based on the literature, the theoretical framework, and the results of a qualitative study. This questionnaire was administered to the whole sample of the study who was 200 Iranian EFL teachers from different gend...

Style and strategies in EFL learning contexts and the effects of task types were explored to enhance language learning strategies. Using a quantitative pre-test, post-test design and interviews, this study investigated the effects of procedural and declarative learning strategies on EFL learners’ acquisition of English past tense performing narrative tasks. The participants were 396 male and fe...

There are two different approaches to formalizing proofs in a computer: the procedural approach (which is the one of the HOL system) and the declarative approach (which is the one of the Mizar system). Most provers are procedural. However declarative proofs are much closer in style to informal mathematical reasoning than procedural ones. There have been attempts to put declarative interfaces on...

Procedural modeling is a method that determines production rules and allows for developing effective structural design in architecture. Fountain (Shadirvan) an important component of Turkish architecture having symmetrical structure distinctive elements makes fountains suitable procedural modeling. In this study, we propose to different fountain models similar ones exist We specify the paramete...