Hypernatremia is defined as plasma Na+ concentration above 145 meq/L (often due to absolute body water loss and not to total sodium excess). Nevertheless, when kidney damage is present, as occurs in renal diseases, hepatic cirrhosis and congestive heart failure, total body sodium can be increased. The present study evaluates the relationship between hypernatremia and response to anesthetic drug...

Objective(s): Visfatin and vaspin are secreted by adipose tissue and play key roles in glucose homeostasis and subsequently are potential targets for diabetes treatment. Resveratrol (RVS) corrects insulin secretion and improves insulin sensitivity. We investigated the RVS effects on serum antioxidants, insulin and glucose levels, also visfatin and vaspin genes expression in adipose tissue of st...

Treating H441 cells with dexamethasone raised the abundance of mRNA encoding the epithelial Na(+) channel alpha- and beta-subunits and increased transepithelial ion transport (measured as short-circuit current, I(sc)) from <4 microA.cm(-2) to 10-20 microA.cm(-2). This dexamethasone-stimulated ion transport was blocked by amiloride analogs with a rank order of potency of benzamil >or= amiloride ...

The TYH medium was first reported as a medium for in vitro fertilization (IVF) of mouse eggs with epididymal spermatozoa, by Toyoda, Yokoyama and Hosi, in 1971. It was a modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution, supplemented with glucose, Na-pyruvate, antibiotics and bovine serum albumin. In TYH medium, almost all eggs are fertilized within 1 h, if the spermatozoa are pre-incubated for 2 h be...

The interest of environmental management is in the long-term health of populations and ecosystems. However, toxicity is usually assessed in short-term experiments with individuals. Modelling based on dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory aids the extraction of mechanistic information from the data, which in turn supports educated extrapolation to the population level. To illustrate the use of DEB ...

Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is a severe skin fragility disorder associated with trauma-induced blistering, progressive soft tissue scarring, and increased risk of skin cancer. DEB is caused by mutations in the COL7A1 gene which result in reduced, truncated, or absent type VII collagen, and anchoring fibrils at the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ). Because no topical wound-healing agen...

Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is a severe skin fragility disorder associated with trauma-induced blistering, progressive soft tissue scarring, and increased risk of skin cancer. DEB is caused by mutations in type VII collagen. In this study, we describe the generation of a collagen VII hypomorphic mouse that serves as an immunocompetent animal model for DEB. These mice expressed collag...

Sodium/proton exchangers (NHX) are key players in plant responses to salinity and have a central role in establishing ion homeostasis. NHXs can be localized in tonoplast or plasma membranes, where they exchange sodium ions for protons, resulting in the removal of ions from the cytosol into vacuole or extracellular spaces. In the present study, the expression pattern of the gene encoding Na+/H+ ...

To evaluate the role of fluid and Na+ balance in the development of exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH), changes in serum Na+ concentrations ([Na+]) and in body weight were analyzed in 2,135 athletes in endurance events. Eighty-nine percent of athletes completed these events either euhydrated (39%) or with weight loss (50%) and with normal (80%) or elevated (13%) serum [Na+]. Of 231 (11%) at...