Control charts are widely used in industrial processes as well as in health sciences and particularly for monitoring the performance of cardiac surgeon or a group of surgeons based on the preoperative risk of patients. Since the preoperative risk is a vague and nonprecise variable and the anesthesiologists after checking how many risk factors a patient has, determine the risk of mortality befor...

In order to monitor a medical center's survival outcomes using simple plots, we introduce a risk-adjusted Observed-Expected (O-E) Cumulative SUM (CUSUM) along with monitoring bands as decision criterion.The proposed monitoring bands can be used in place of a more traditional but complicated V-shaped mask or the simultaneous use of two one-sided CUSUMs. The resulting plot is designed to simultan...

this research applies and compares the market leverage lally method, ibbotson and sinquefield method and siegel method, to present alternative measures for market risk premium (mrp) estimation and test forecasting power of these methods in calculating expected rate of return. the higher level of leverage implies greater risk of investment in a specified stock, so higher return is expected by in...

conclusions: using these factors, nephrologists may predict the occurrence of graft loss or death. if the probability of graft loss was higher, physicians can decrease the immunosuppressive medications dosage to decrease the incidence of graft loss. patients and methods: fine-gray model was used for 266 cases with post-transplant malignancy in iran. these patients were followed-up from the diag...

In this paper we study delegated portfolio management when the manager’s ability to short-sell is restricted. Contrary to previous results, we show that under moral hazard, linear performance-adjusted contracts do provide portfolio managers with incentives to gather information. The risk-averse manager’s optimal effort is an increasing function of her share in the portfolio’s return. This resul...

This is the initial publication on Concept Calculus, which establishes mutual interpretability between formal systems based on informal commonsense concepts and formal systems for mathematics through abstract set theory. Here we work with axioms for "better than" and "much better than", and the Zermelo and Zermelo Frankel axioms for set theory.

The standard approach to the evaluation of funds assumes a normal return distribution and uses the variance as a measure of the funds risk. A few characteristics of hedge funds, such as the remuneration mechanism of the portfolio manager, make this assumption unacceptable and the traditional approach of Risk Adjusted Performance (RAP) must be revised before applying it to hedge funds. Some auth...