Saline or alkaline soils present a strong stress on plants that together may be even more deleterious than alone. Australia's soils are old and contain large, sometimes overlapping, areas of high salt and alkalinity. Acacia and other Australian plant lineages have evolved in this stressful soil environment and present an opportunity to understand the evolution of salt and alkalinity tolerance. ...

Current citriculture is threatened by climate change. The increase in temperature, together with other adverse phenomena, modifies the environmental conditions regions where current citrus varieties developed. detrimental effects of these factors on physiology and production, such as drought or soil salinity, will due to high temperatures, which jeopardise crop production and, extreme cases, ev...

Salinity of soil and water is the most important agricultural hazard in arid and semi-aridregions. In saline soils, yield production directly influences by soluble salts in the root zone aswell as by shallow water table depth. The first step for reclamation of such soils is reducingsalinity to optimum level by leaching. The objective of this study was to develop a practicalmodel to estimate wat...

Reef- building coral harbor communities of photosynthetic taxa of the genus Symbiodinium (zooxanthellae). The genus Symbiodinium is currently classified into nine genetic clades (A–I). Various corals harbor different Symbiodinium clades some show specificity to single strain. Coral and their zooxanthellae are sensitive to environmental stresses. In the Persian Gulf, coral reefs are subject to h...

Today, by using half of the oil reserves of the world, natural production of oil has decreased drastically. Gas and water injection for maintaining reservoir pressure is not responsive for oil production.At first, we dispersed silica nanoparticles in low salinity and after two weeks, there was no change in its stability. Then we mixed the nanoparticles in low salinity. After a while, we found o...

A passive/active L/S-band (PALS) microwave aircraft instrument to measure ocean salinity and soil moisture has been built and tested. Because the L-band brightness temperatures associated with salinity changes are expected to be small, it was necessary to build a very sensitive and stable system. This new instrument has dual-frequency, dual polarization radiometer and radar sensors. The antenna...

Rocky intertidal organisms are facing pronounced fluctuations in environmental conditions even at small spatial and temporal scales. This heterogeneous habitat is a proper model system to investigate effects of physical parameters and their interactions on physiological performances of marine organisms. In the intertidal zone (especially in tidal pools), the temperature and salinity usually inc...